Global Supply/Parallel Trade
Liang BA.* Parallel Trade in Pharmaceuticals: Injecting the Counterfeit Element into the Public Health. NC J Int Law Com Reg. 2006;31(4):847-900
Abstract. Varying prices for medicines create incentives to move products from one market to another in an effort to arbitrage the difference; this is known as parallel trade. Nevertheless, this situation allows nefarious individuals to introduce counterfeits into the drug supply due to weaknesses in detection. Both developed and developing countries around the world experience…
[...]Liang BA.* Fade to Black: Importation and Counterfeit Drugs. Am J Law Med. 2006 Feb 1;32(2-3):279-323
Abstract. Importation of medicines from Canada and other countries has been proposed to provide relief from high drug prices in the US and greater access for underserved patients. Yet importation necessarily raises the issue of counterfeit drugs. The latter are a worldwide problem that have affected even the US closed regulatory and supply system. Counterfeit…
[...]Gilbert T, Halwani S. Confusion and Contradiction: Untangling Drug Importation and Counterfeit Drugs. California Western Intl Law J. 2005;36:41-54.
Drug importation from Canada is an issue attracting tremendous attention in the United States. The issue of importation is intertwined with the potential for counterfeit drugs, and several considerations regarding this issue deserve attention. First, drugs used in the United States and Canada are manufactured around the world. Second, many of the counterfeiting issues focus…
[...]Liang BA.* Over The Virtual and Geographic Borders: Understanding Importation and Counterfeit Drugs. Cal W Int Law J. 2005 Jun 3;36(1):7-18
Abstract. U.S. citizens depend extensively on medicines for health and quality of life. Yet a major problem attends the drug supply: counterfeit medicines. Although currently the United States has a relatively safe, closed system, it has not been immune to counterfeits, and harm associated with counterfeits has occurred here. Further, because terrorist activities have been…
[...]Liang BA.* International Drug Importation: Issues in Public Policy, Patient Safety, and the Public Health. Cal W Int Law J. 2005 Jun 3;36(1):1-6
Abstract. This issue of the California Western International Law Journal memorializes the proceedings of the First Annual San Diego Health Policy Conference, International Drug Importation: Issues in Public Policy, Patient Safety, and the Public Health. Leaders from medicine, law, public policy, academia, and patient care groups gathered together on June 3-4, 2005 to discuss the…
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